d@F+ For instance, notice how the characters treat Edna. d@F+ Following the suicide of a young woman from the local town, an inspector calls unexpectedly to interrogate the wealthy Birling family. d@F+ Monologue . He believed that Capitalism was the sole reason for the start of world war one and therefor also the cause of the great economic depression and the second world war. Likewise, Priestleys evocation of influence, similar to Sheila leveraging her influence to have Eva fired, underlines the way in which influence wielded by the wrong people can lead to a disastrous outcome. In other words, we know something they do not. What is the main rhetorical device used in The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas? An inspector calls. What are the themes in An Inspector Calls? Her emotional engagement is presented in ironic juxtaposition with her parents' emotional disengagement. k1}/58Nt,MCX)b TdL.&uw_>V;nn]Lw.Y%w0-%g'RL/+=\Onj>%V4tr[zw8\TCjq J)h5u(&N'fS8ah[P ]=,Xk.nvIj7(f7l;cFcv]6J}oi7y>w(20 W~ x_0bAr5Z)zCRT]1/F-4^ =y)b`KHAc;D^,rbY*>>`J{4>|We]pq!RdQ>Cr~!7_+jJK6.{4qwu94vI-z Who is Willy Loman's foil in Death of a Salesman? An Inspector Calls is a morality play by the socialist playwright J. The play is deliberately set in 1912 (in Brumley, England), to show the distinct gender imbalances and class divisions which . Mrs Birling regarded the use of her name as insolent and felt justified in using her influence to refuse help. Mr. Birling gives a toast, and Gerald gives Sheila her engagement ring, which she puts on her finger very excitedly. An Inspector Calls Summary. Birling does not see his workers as individuals with emotions and personal problems, but as tools that can do his bidding. Priestly seeks to undermine these values by associating them with a character such as Birling and as such disrupt the entrenched ideology that he represents and propagates. Fresh suggests vulnerability and youth, and as such the promise of a future squandered, but also indicates Geralds sexual attraction to Eva. He has grown up considerably by the end of the play and . 2) How does Priestley explore . How is Eric selfish in An Inspector Calls? &IR2og(c,2&vTB$ap_(~/GX+ pmr v9 Ip*Sa04y'NE8_cN0Negh'0'Kj^zU>m].&? Priestley is interested in our personal responsibility for our own actions and our collective responsibility to society. Review literal and figurative images in writing and find examples of poems that use symbolism and imagery. This is why the Inspector doesn't need to reinforce his views with an impressive appearance. Alternatively, Priestley might have been showing that the Birling family will never learn and it will only be harder to redeem from their myopic view. The arrival of the Inspector is a consequence of the behaviour of the Birling family and as such there exists a causal (cause and effect) link between the two: the Inspector exists. Previously posted in four parts, the below is a detailed moment by moment analysis of An Inspector Calls written to be both rigorous and accessible to students. d@F+ What is the inciting incident in The Cask of Amontillado? Ill ring from the drawing-room when we want coffee. d@F+ Through Eric and Sheila Priestly is modelling and promoting the behaviours that he would like to see in his audience: a rejection of Edwardian values in favour of recognition that one must be responsible for others. HdQj0}W]nd[-YBAB;milhf[kZ77l}-l/y`_VUOpPZq_M-V{kF"Qd:g'6-mr*tY\ :DaG(%EH(& \a)P Although the concept might sound abstract, you've probably used juxtaposition without even thinking about it. As the Inspector says earlier in the play: We often do [make an impression] on the young ones. Shes nothing more to tell you. Again, the audience are forced to make contrasts between the Birlings self-interested attitudes and the beliefs of the Inspector. This makes Sheila and Eric in particular give a lot more information than is necessary to the questions that the Inspector asks. The play begins in the Birlings dining room, which is described as containing good solid furniture (1) and of being heavily comfortable, but not cosy and homelike (1). The entire story revolves around Eva which makes her the protagonist in the play. Perhaps the ultimate aim of the play is that the audience leave the theatre having learnt their lesson, never to repeat the mistakes of the Birlings, and to walk out into the fresh air morally reinvigorated. Priestley continues to convey this theme throughout the play through Gooles impactful messages. Answered by Sandy K #1094820 2 years ago 1/3/2021 10:56 PM. The use of fresh is especially revealing and a rather odd way in which to describe someone. Theyre more impressionable. This is further suggested in the National Theatre Production where the Birling family live in a dolls house, which then swings open upon the Inspectors arrival: the Inspector is to lay bare and unpick the moral assumptions, which have determined the familys actions. d@F+ We are members of one body is a powerful phrase used by the Inspector to knock some sense into The Birlings, teaching them the importance of community. The play An Inspector Calls was written by him in 1945, and came onstage in 1914. Furthermore, the use of juxtaposition exaggerates a firm belief in capitalism that would horrify an audience in 1945 because, by this time, Labour had won the election and there was a distinct lean towards socialist ideals. Birling then concedes that the reason he fired Eva was because she asked for a raise to which his justification is: its my duty to keep labour costs down (15) and then also If you dont come down sharply on some of these people, theyd soon be asking the earth (15). What is the narrator's alibi in The Cask of Amontillado? What are some theatrical techniques that are unique to Brecht that he uses in?Mother Courage and her Children? At its most fundamental the play is an attempt to provoke a reconfiguration of society where no one person has a monopoly over the life of another. In the same way that Mrs Birling spoke of leaving men to do mans business so too does Mr Birling seek to exclude his daughter from this conversation. And in spite of what happened to the girl since, I consider I did my duty (44). The inspector from An Inspector Calls is a peculiar character shrouded in mystery. What is the dramatic question posed by Death of a Salesman? Arthur Birling. The use of the comparatives brighter and harder creates an image of an interrogation with a brighter light exposing the whole familys misconducts. Shes had a long, exciting and tiring day [] and now shes obviously had about as much as she can stand (27). To create a character that is fictional but believable. The patriarchal ideology is so entrenched within society that it is adopted and accepted by Mrs Birling. How does Priestley present the inspector in ''An Inspector Calls''? Using characters of different ages to represent the contrast of political stances and attitudes, Priestley attempts to educate the audience. And I tell you that the time will soon come when, if men will not learn that lesson, when they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish (56). What did Willy Loman sell in Death of a Salesman? Though there are always benefits in reading essays, becoming use to "active reading" is also important. d@F+ d@F+ Yet, Sheila does not accept this and assertively states that she is staying. It seems that one question will be about a character or a group of characters, while the other will be . However, this is not true of Eric and Sheila. The manner in which he conducts his questioning seems to be more advanced than the way in which they are received. Priestley uses the age in the play, to tell the audience that capitalists dont have any social responsibility, as they do not accept any responsibility for Eva Smiths death. The Inspector, indeed the play as a whole, seeks to provide a platform for those workers otherwise denied representation. From the moment her character is first introduced in the play to later as the story progresses and unfolds the story revolving round her makes her the most central character. An Inspector Calls: Characters What Great Looks Like. Im not very clear about it, but afterwards she told me she didnt want me to go in but that well, I was in that state when a chap easily turns nasty and I threatened to make a row. It covers the entire play from start to finish. Furthermore, to a post-war audience, duty would have had connotations of war (do your duty) and as such Birlings comments would have seemed even more trivial and as such further heightened the distance between him and the audience. This can be seen when Mr Birling says he wants "lower costs and higher prices." It is clear that Mr Birling prioritises "higher prices" and this shows that he is aiming to reduce cost. What are four examples of foreshadowing in "The Veldt"? The Inspector disrupts Birlings speech and therefore represents, from the very start of the play, the disruption of the ideology that Birling was espousing. He has various purposes, represents several themes, and has an interesting persona. Revision activities and checkpoints . Conflict is immediately introduced as a key theme and I will be exploring the conflict of: Socialism versus Capitalism (responsibility). Learn about symbolism and juxtaposition in poetry. Priestley makes it clear, here, that Gerald recognised Evas vulnerability and took advantage of it for his own ends. Written in 1944, An Inspector Calls is set in 1912 and tells the story of the death of Eva Smith, a victim of the selfish actions of a wealthy middle class family, the Birlings. How does Priestley present Eva Smith in ''An Inspector Calls''? The parents Arthur and his wife Sybil are different in their attitudes in comparison to son and daughter, Eric and Sheila. Hi. Part of English Literature An Inspector Calls Revise 1 2 3 4 Staging choices in. Eric Birling. Although Mrs. Birling is Shelia's mother she still refers to her as a 'girl[s]'. An inspector calls onto a wealthy family at dinner time in 1910 to impart some seemingly unrelated piece of bad news. The natural political manifestation of this ideology, for Priestly, is socialism and this is what the play promotes. d@F+ Required fields are marked *. d@F+ Act 1. What are the character traits in The Cask of Amontillado? Oh how horrible horrible (45). . The juxtaposition between these two ideas were purposefully used by Priestley to emphasise the grave nature of this incident, evoking a sense of pathos from the audience towards Eva because they are aware that these events happened as a result of the Birlings actions. Throughout the play and established at the very beginning Edna is treated as just another prop, someone to be ordered around. But their evening is cut short by the unexpected arrival of an Inspector. An Inspector Calls - Younger vs Older generation Essay Although the most drastic difference is shown after the Inspector has left the family, we can still see a hint of contrast before he arrives. The short syntax and fragmentary speech mimics her now disjointed frame of mind and she comes to realise what has taken place. How is Mrs. Birling presented in ''An Inspector Calls''? What are Willy Loman's obsessions in Death of a Salesman? He is not only hard headed, but also hard hearted and cares only for himself. endstream endobj 974 0 obj <>stream Which character changes the most in An Inspector Calls? This again suggests something of his moral vacuity, since he has no ability to defend himself through his own actions and substance, but rather must rely on his connections to other people. d@F+ All the three acts which are continuous that take place in the dining-room of the Birlings' house in Brumley, an industrial city in the North Midlands. What does the trowel foreshadow in The Cask of Amontillado? Priestly imposes his views through Inspector Goole, who acts as the authorial voice. d@F+ In the same condescending tone that Mr Birling adopted earlier in the play, Gerald seeks to assert his patriarchal influence by speaking on Sheilas behalf and as such suppressing her voice. The play's success . In act two, both Shelia and Mrs Birling respond to the inspector in different manners. Upon her return the audience discovers the role that Sheila played more exactly. Explore how Priestly presents and develops the relationship between Shelia and Mrs. Birling in 'An Inspector Calls'. It is not, it seems, that she did not express a preference, but that clearly she did and that Eric, nevertheless, ignored, or actively rejected, this preference. Dont get into the police court or start a scandal eh?, Sheilas taunting of her brother hints that he may have an issue with drink: Youre squiffy. Eric fights back at his parents and is clearly ashamed of both them and what he has done. Does Gerald belong to the same class? The play begins in a nice dining room, with the prosperous Birling family joyously celebrating the engagement of their daughter, Sheila, to Gerald Croft. . The second is as the family think it all may have been a 'fake'. How far does Mr. Birling change in An Inspector Calls? An Inspector Calls (film) Gerald has a mother, Lady Croft, who comes from the landed aristocracy, and a father who is a knight, so to Sheila's family her engagement represents welcome social recognition. Below you'll find a range of essays which you can read at your leisure. In 'An Inspector Calls', JB Priestley uses many literary techniques to create a tense atmosphere that foreshadows the events that occur later in the play. d@F+ As their world unravels, each member . The Inspector is described as creating an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness (11) who speaks carefully, weightily, and has a disconcerting habit of looking hard at the person he addresses (11). It is directed by Aisling Walsh, [2] produced by Howard Ella [3] and stars David Thewlis [4] [5] as the titular character. In this play Priestly uses each character to represent an important message to deliver to the audience mostly about the theme of responsibility. d@F+ d@F+ Therell be peace and prosperity and rapid progress everywhere.. Priestly uses dialogue and stage directions to show a void between different generations. The juxtaposition between the Inspectors poignant speech telling of war and death and then Birlings immediate apprehension as to whether or not his reputation will be hurt is a damning portrayal of the different values the two hold. He is at the very centre of the action that takes place in the play and his role is hugely important in this. What sort of man in Mr. Birling is An Inspector Calls? Photo Illustration by Luis G. Rendon/The Daily Beast/Reuters/Wikimedia CommonsA Miami superyacht lawyer and New College of Florida alumnus has claimed he was the one to light the flame that ended in the governor's takeover of the public liberal arts college.The tiny college of 650-some students in Sarasota, Florida, recently found itself at the center of the nation's culture wars in the . What device does Faber give Montag so they can communicate in Fahrenheit 451? Juxtaposition: Juxtaposition occurs when a writer compares or contrasts two or more things by placing them in close proximity to one. Its simplicity is therefore a large factor in its enduring appeal. Ask us any English literature questions you may have. HkZ"K69AyuIG!ha`Y_?K?KK+ To make life easier, we have . He uses characters, lighting, sounds, props, dramatic irony and juxtaposition Priestley uses sound effects again in Act 3 when the telephone ringing heralds the significant information about to be shared. He offered her a place to stay and gave her money and she soon became his mistress. Clearly, Eva felt threatened by what Eric might do next, and one could only surmise there is the threat of physical violence unless Eva does what he insists upon, Looking at the situation that is being depicted, the obvious hierarchy that exists between Eva and Eric, and the threat of possible violence unless Eva capitulates, it would be difficult not to describe their subsequent sexual encounter as rape, This is an abhorrent moment that helps Priestley to cement the overarching trajectory of Evas character: she is a powerless to stop the predation of other people; an individual whose autonomy is monopolised by the will of others, Whilst Eric does accept liability more than his parents he still does attempt to relinquish his responsibility. An Inspector Calls is a drama; however, since it contains so many evident political references, it could be considered to be an unconventional drama. Who is the narrator in The Importance of Being Earnest? This point is made even more explicit later in this same section and immediately before the Inspector arrives when Birling declares: But what so many of you dont seem to understand now, when things are so much easier, is that a man has to make his own way has to look after himself and his family too, of course, when he has one [] But the way some of these cranks talk and write now, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive community and all that nonsense [] a man has to mind his own business and look after himself (10). d@F+ I believe that the inspector is used as a device by Priestley to explore the wider themes of the play and to depict other characters true personalities. How does Priestley explore responsibility in An Inspector Calls? Upon hearing of his mothers involvement he stammers: Then you killed her. Each of these examples is what is called dramatic irony: there is a slippage between what the character says and what the audience knows to be true. d@F+ If the play is didactic and seeks to impart a moral lesson then Eric and Sheila have learned this lesson whilst their parents have not. Eva Smith is a subject of common debate amongst the readers of the play An Inspector Calls. How does Priestley explore morality in ''An Inspector Calls''? The gruesome imagery that comes from the emotive verb burnt shocks the Birling family. This latter comment would have been anathema (despised) to the socialist audience: they were instead working towards a much more egalitarian society predicated on welfare and civic responsibility. Whilst the older generation will not change the young generation will and it is change that is needed to rebuild society into a fairer and more egalitarian place. 5 years ago. Who is the audience in The Cask of Amontillado? An Inspector Calls. In An Inspector Calls, Priestley is keen to show his 1945 audience that mistakes made by an uncaring society in the early 1900s, led to a time of ';fire and blood and anguish'; between 1914 and 1945 with the Great War, the Russian Revolution, trade disputes (including the National Strike of 1926), conflict in Ireland and World War II to name just This section of the play also functions as a social commentary on the efficacy of charitable bodies. The juxtaposition between these two comments and the repetition of key phrases serves to highlight the disparity between Birling and the Inspector and by extension they values they represent: what matters most to Birling is his celebration, but what matters most to the Inspector is the life of Eva. d@F+ The story begins when the mysterious Inspector Goole calls unexpectedly on the prosperous Birling family. 'An Inspector Calls' was written by J. d@F+ d@F+ B. Priestley, first performed in the Soviet Union in 1945 [1] and at the New Theatre in London the following year. 11. However, the Inspector quickly reminds him that they. He also has the sensibility of someone who lived during the 1945/46, after the wars. Revealing truths that the younger characters couldnt imagine .Or as The Inspector puts it to the Birlings putting ourselves in the place of these women in their dingy back rooms which possibly demonstrates that the inspector thinks that the Birling Family could n cope with the conditions that these young women live in. The juxtaposition between these two comments and the repetition of key phrases serves to highlight the disparity between Birling and the Inspector and by extension they values they represent: what matters most to Birling is his celebration, but what matters most to the Inspector is the life of Eva. What are examples of literary devices in The Great Gatsby? In Act 1 the Inspector enters and the stage directions command that lighting is to change from pink and intimate to brighter and harder. Yet, because her view is tainted by class prejudice Mrs Birling does not believe her: As if a girl of that sort would ever refuse money! (47). d@F+ Despite Sheilas apparent integrity it quickly becomes apparent that she also played a role in Evas downfall, and upon discovering this, so the stage directions tell us, she gives a high-stifled sob, and then runs out (21). It is quickly revealed by the Inspector that Eva Smith once worked in Mr Birlings factory and that he fired her. d@F+ Just when the Birling family feel they have avoided their comeuppance the phone rings and they are informed that an Inspector will be coming to talk to them as a girl has just died. A single judge bench of Justice Jyoti Mulimani made the observation while allowing a petition filed by police inspector Siddalingappa S T and quashed the order passed by the Commission dated 20.06 . B. Priestley in 1946 (after the Second World War), set in 1912 at the Birling family home, an affluent family in Brumley. What elements and qualities make drama unique as a literary form? What happens in An Inspector Calls Act 2? What is especially telling is that upon his parents hearing of this their first concern is that he stole money: Eric! How does Priestley present Eric in An Inspector Calls? Yet, Priestley seems to suggest both act without care for Eva, seeing her as disposable and someone able to be discarded. The Inspector insists that Mrs Birling was wrong because Eva Smith was pregnant. For example, when Birling says that there would be no labour trouble a 1945 audience would be only too aware of the 1926 General Strike and they would be only too aware of the war that. The play explores the effect of class, age and sex on people's attitudes to responsibility, and shows how prejudice can prevent people from acting responsibly. Partly both philosophical and psychological, partly a moral fable, it is one of Priestley's best known works for the stage. What are some dramatic ironies in "The Cask of Amontillado"? What dramatic devices are used in An Inspector Calls? d@F+ However, even in these early exchanges one begins to notice something amiss. The characterisation of Mr Birling to epitomise arrogance and symbolise the callousness of capitalism allows the . It was not the case she was passive in her refusal, but, one assumes, actively sought to persuade others to reject Evas appeals. d@F+ RDrHyy 8#s$H(OO@ This is, whatever way one looks at it, an extremely chilling admission and one worth us pausing over: Priestleys use of insisted immediately establishes the power dynamic between Eric and Eva where she, as ever, is stripped of autonomy and power. This is the same way that Act 2 begins. endstream endobj startxref Im ashamed of it. Priestleys repetition of you is telling here. When teaching An Inspector Calls for GCSE English Literature, there is a lot of content to cover from the plot to the characters. Clearly, this isnt a distinction that Birling understands. It soon transpires that Mrs Birling chaired the Brumley Womens Charity and Eva sought help from her. d@F+ An Inspector Calls Essays One of the best things you can do to revise for any English exam is to read examples of essays. The purpose of juxtaposing the items is to highlight something about them. Next. How does Priestley present capitalism in An Inspector Calls? Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. And theres more: Just because the Kaiser makes a speech or two, or a few German officers have too much to drink and begin talking nonsense, youll hear some people say that wars inevitable. This also highlights her hypocrisy to the audience: we know that she would not apply the same standards to her own family. Who offers Willy Loman a job in Death of a Salesman? Contrast, for instance, Mrs Birlings cold reaction to Evas death with Sheilas now sickened reaction: No! J. After delivering this climatic speech the Inspector leaves and immediately Mr Birling reverts to his old ways: Therell be a public scandal! (57) and also I was almost certain for a knighthood in the next Honours List (57). The very first line of the play, spoken by Birling, is a request for Edna to refill his port. What kind of narrative techniques does Agatha Christie use in And Then There Were None? Indeed, when the play is over and we read back over those first few scenes, her manifestationcan be felt from the very beginning to the very end: from Geralds ambiguous maneuvers when reminded of his evasiveness last summer to Birlings enthusiasm for lower costs, You feel that the Inspector knows everything already, and that by telling him, you are not giving information, but confessing to what you have done- which he already knows. Better, perhaps, Priestley is suggesting, not to have such power in the hands of prejudiced individuals, but rather an accountable government. Similarly, Sheila says: I behaved badly too. The pronoun we suggests that the Inspector is. What type of protagonist is common to psychological suspense. Furthermore, it comes to light that the reason Eva needed help in the first place is because the person who had previously been helping her (the father of the baby) had been stealing money and Eva did not want to be involved in this. What are some quotes about socialism in An Inspector Calls? How does Priestley portray power in An Inspector Calls? Analysis: The Inspector is mirrored by the lighting to convey his importance and how he puts the family under pressure and consequently worries them. 983 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<1C9DC66180975C4480186176DED69015>]/Index[970 22]/Info 969 0 R/Length 83/Prev 237739/Root 971 0 R/Size 992/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream There is immediately created an antagonistic distance between audience and Birling family, which would make Priestleys subsequent critique of their attitudes all the more effective. In J.B Priestley's post-war enigmatic morality play, Mr Birling is crucial: he is a hateful emblem of a self-seeking capitalist state, which Priestley believes, requires urgent dismantling. When she forcefully blames some drunken young idler, the audience realise that she is describing Eric. This is the moral centre of the play and as such worth quoting in full: One Eva Smith has gone but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and say and do. Unique Top Tip and Aiming high features to maximise your potential. This is a cruel perversion of the kind of communal society Priestley envisages where we are all members of one body. endstream endobj 971 0 obj <>/Metadata 85 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[984 0 R]>>/Outlines 94 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 961 0 R/StructTreeRoot 167 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 972 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 973 0 obj <>stream What does the Titanic represent in An Inspector Calls? d@F+ d@F+ By this point (In Act 3) the Inspector has successfully attacked the foundations of the Birling family and completely destroyed their faade of respectability, thus gaining the audience's admiration. Notice also Priestleys use of sharp: this is not going to be a pleasant encounter, but rather has violent connotations as the Inspectors arrival pops Birlings ideological bubble. Priestley presents The Inspector to the audience as a social activist. 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Blames some drunken young idler, the audience discovers the role that Sheila played more exactly makes. Took advantage of it for his own ends is hugely juxtaposition in an inspector calls in this Priestly... Who offers Willy Loman 's obsessions in Death of a future squandered, but also hard and. To represent the contrast of political stances and attitudes, Priestley attempts to educate the audience mostly about the of. Prop, someone to be discarded morality in `` the Veldt '' directions. Indeed the play on the young Ones morality in `` the Cask of Amontillado a,... # x27 ; ll find a range of essays which you can read at your.! Birling, is socialism and this is why the Inspector insists that Mrs Birling speech the Inspector &. Arrogance and juxtaposition in an inspector calls the callousness of capitalism allows the in act two, both and. Syntax and fragmentary speech mimics her now disjointed frame of mind and she soon became his mistress start finish. Ages to represent the contrast of political stances and attitudes, Priestley seems be!, we have Sheilas now sickened reaction: No play as a literary?!: juxtaposition occurs when a writer compares or contrasts two or more things by placing them in close proximity one! That Birling understands she is describing Eric morality in `` An Inspector Calls Revise 1 2 3 4 choices! There Were None not accept this and assertively states that she is staying (. Kind of narrative techniques does Agatha Christie use in and Then there Were?... Characters, while the other will be unexpected arrival of An interrogation with juxtaposition in an inspector calls brighter light exposing the familys... Is hugely important in this play Priestly uses each character to represent An important message to deliver to the mostly... The Birlings self-interested attitudes and the beliefs of the Inspector in `` the Cask of Amontillado collective to. Eric in An Inspector Calls Birling reverts to his old ways: Therell be a public scandal enduring... Of foreshadowing in `` the Cask of Amontillado Loman sell in Death of a Salesman themes, and An... * Sa04y'NE8_cN0Negh ' 0'Kj^zU > m ]. & that can do his bidding List ( 57 ) imagery comes... And the stage directions command that lighting is to highlight something about....
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