"She's born and tested positive for PCP crack and heroin." I didn't see them as people. But wouldnt it be nice if thats how it worked? But then, a few years would pass, crops would bounce back. He was mighty skeptical. So, in the end, where do you come down on this? JAD: I dont know. CARL ZIMMER: Is your wife going to hear this? ROBERT: If you were a great rat mommy, what would you be doing with your rat baby? You know, when smart people say, you know, "There's no such thing as nature and nurture it's only interaction of the two," You're like, "What the hell does that mean?" Through all the training that we had to do and first aid, fingerprinted and had a background check done. Well, I guess I was thinking we could just start at the beginning. DESTINY HARRIS: And that could have very easily have been one of us. PAT: And at a certain point, I noticed over my shoulder Barbara's crouched down and she's got her phone out and she's taking a picture of this just perfect little scene. Can you say oh my goodness? Nice, cool water. Yeah, it was a very attractive theory to them in Moscow. The show is nationally syndicated and is available as a podcast. Because there is more data, more information about the people of verkalix, going farther back into the past than you can find almost anywhere else on Earth. Most toads, he says, love to stay in the water. PAT: Even though Destiny's mom was doing all sorts of drugs during her pregnancy and the doctors told Barbara that Destiny was going to be mentally and physically delayed DESTINY HARRIS: Not feeling the way I'm supposed to feel. Welcome to the Grammys of government-funded research. He's not even eating at all. They didn't have grains. And they had more. Here, Kammerer's was saying, "You can do this even on a physical level.". Never mind, you're stuck with small boobies." Well, it was a zoo where there was all sorts of experiments going on. DESTINY HARRIS: Are you going to kick it? She and I snuck away from the children into her office. JAD: I know! JAD: Look, in the end, what do I know? Radiolab is on YouTube! Go to him. The team that creates each episode, including hosts Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, are master storytellers. Once their born, their genes are fixed and change does not happen in a generation or two. CARL ZIMMER: Just until they hatch and then 'til they go off. I ended up finding myself really conflicted about it. PAT: And according to Barbara, the majority of the women she pays are white. JAD: Thanks to Frances Champagne and Michael Meany and Sam Kean, who writes about Paul Kammerer in his book, The Violinist's Thumb. They both say that they actually often forget that they're not biologically related. "To Whom It May Concern, I have been doing very good. We'll just be honest. CARL ZIMMER: But but theres like some hope here because JAD: Okay, all right, this is interesting. DESTINY HARRIS: Yes. ROBERT: Well, so here's the thing. I'm almost done. Thanks to Frances Champagne and Michael Meany and Sam Kean, who writes about Paul Kammerer in his book, . But at that point just two of the six boys were living at home, Brian and Rodney. We'll just get one more.". As a parent, you are a tiny blip in a very, very, long story. SAM KEAN: He was really one of the first grand theorists in biology. Who are you? Anyways, God bless you. BARBARA HARRIS: And I was a waitress, I worked for IHOP for over 30 years. ], That's their choice, but the babies don't have a choice.]. BARBARA HARRIS: I decided to have a press conference in my front yard to announce what I was doing. ROBERT: A few years later, there'd be a harsh winter. They present previous theories on evolution and then present the currently accepted Darwinian Theory of Evolution. So for Isaiah, being born was like just being cut off. Riksarkivet. SAM KEAN: It does, it does make kind of a folk sense. ROBERT: That's interesting. CHARLOTTE ZIMMER: Hi, my name is Charlotte Zimmer. Yeah, the social worker called and told me the mother had given birth. JAD: But were gonna play you stories where JAD: This is Radiolab. Brain disease. Move on to the next cage yes, no? A few years later, there'd be a harsh winter. The event that really sets this story in motion, the set of events, happened a few months after Barbara had brought Destiny home. So she told me Barbara had another baby and BARBARA HARRIS: Did we want it? Just to be sure, we asked Frances Champagne what she thinks of this data. And even though they look basically nothing alike. LATIF: This is Radiolab. I had everybody's abuse on my back and I didn't care how we said it, or how we did it. JAD: People can't just will themselves into a more perfect form. And then that baby would stretch and stretch, and it would give a little more stretching to its baby. Yes. You know? Like. BARBARA HARRIS: Since birth. JAD: It makes a kind of common sense, really. Did you know there is a part of this show is gonna be like crazy breaking news, like happened yesterday and we already have a deep take on it? PAT: And even though they look basically nothing alike. It means what if grandpa has a bad day? Stick around. JAD: They suddenly had to get by on a tiny fraction of the food that they were used to. ROBERT: Do you know anything about the other four? The show is known for innovative sound design, smashing information into music. And Barbara is not offering that. ], Sterilized? Radiolab branded apparel and accessories are available at the Official Radiolab Online Store, aka the Swag Lab. This assignment is from the free science education website Science Prof Online(ScienceProfOnline.com). And so, they bring MICHAEL MEANEY: A lot of friends to the party. I just have to read this to you. Instead of dying at 40, I'd live to 70? Okay. Birth mother's name was actually the same as me, so, Barbara. We actually sent our friend, Pejk Malinovski, to the archives in Stockholm to check it out. [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: Barbara Harris says she's convinced more than a dozen women], [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: Have accepted her offer to be sterilized in return for money.]. I went to the hospital and picked him up. PAT: She just knew, "This is my daughter.". Well, so here's the thing. Radiolab is on YouTube! The sneaky idea here is that the blacksmiths, the giraffes, they made it happen. Radiolab: From Tree to Shining Tree LISTEN Three guests: Suzanne Simard, a professor of forest ecology and teacher at the University of British Columbia, Jennifer Frazer, a science writer that has a blog called The Artful Amoeba, and Roy Halling, a mycologist. Is that what you're saying? So some scientists began to ask Kammerer if they could look at his toads. ], [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: How bout this one?]. I guess retard. His famous example was giraffes. [chuckles], OLOV BYGREN: Yes, yes. But, this hour were gonna fight this sort of sad sack feeling of inevitability and impotence. ROBERT: Well, lets not get too excited too fast because we have a story to tell and this tale leaves me a little queasy. He works at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden where he studies population data. He had one remaining midwife toad. I mean, for one thing, Barbara's white and Destiny's black. No, she was an oops kid. Who now works at Columbia University. ROBERT: So if they saw somebody who was starving as a kid in 1820, they could then see, "Well, when those people had children and grandchildren, did anything change? Visit our website. Inheritance Radiolab Podcast Genetics Homework Assignment Homework assignment on the Radiolab podcast 'Inheritance', developed for a college-level cell biology class. JAD: And looking at these swings in fortune, Olov realized what he had here was JAD: Because with all this data, he and his team could follow families forward in time, through the generations. That's the headline for his talk, and then CARL ZIMMER: Right below the headlines says, "Scientist's great discovery which may change us all.". JAD: It's writer, Sam Kean again, and here's, he says, what you need to know about the midwife toad. And he was going through withdrawal. SAM KEAN: The sperm carries these marks to the next generation. Theyd basically starve. OLOV BYGREN: They didn't have grains. Live shows were first offered in 2008. LULU: So far. [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: Who, together, pledged more than $150,000 to her program.]. OLOV BYGREN: Well, the DNA, the RNA, micro-RNAs, histone. Birth mother's name was actually the same as me, so, Barbara. And um BARBARA HARRIS: I had asked for a newborn, so when the social worker called me, she said, "I have this cute little baby girl for you but she's eight months old. SAM KEAN: But this was a really, really tough place to grow up. To any drug-addicted woman who will agree to have no more babies. By all accounts a pretty good-looking guy. JAD: That's against the rules. JAD: Michael and Frances looked inside the brains of these rats and what they saw was that the rats who had been licked a lot as babies, they had more stuff in their head. PAT: Over the past five years, if you look at our tax return. You know? by Nolan Moore. SAM KEAN: If you have a starving daddy, it turns out that the baby actually gets some sort of health benefit. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: At once and we're watching 40 litters at a time. [laughs[ Exactly. According to Frances, it's not just sitting up there perfectly preserved, it's in the middle of the cell, it's crowded. And I didn't find a single case of someone saying that they regretted what they've done. ], [ARCHIVAL CLIP, BARBARA HARRIS: Probably racist.]. Also, thanks to Carl Zimmer whose latest is. You know, just take a little peek for themselves, and every time Kammerer said no, they were his specimens. JAD: Still, that's a burden that, he's carrying a big burden there. Listen to the first three stories of the "Inheritance" Radiolab Podcast (Control + click on link to access podcast. The event that really sets this story in motion, the set of events, happened a few months after Barbara had brought Destiny home. Really slowly, gradually, achingly slowly. You're not leaving this hospital unless you have long-term birth control.". [laughs] Can you say, "Never, ever?" PAT: The moment I really felt like, "Whoa," was when we started talking about PAT: The little baby that we keep hearing in the background of everything. When you explore what makes people tick or how the universe . Is that too old?" So heres the backstory. Kammerer puts on a suit and he walks off into the mountains Outside Vienna on a Rocky mountain trail. SAM KEAN: This was a really, really big effect. JAD: Now, according to Carl, your genes are still fixed. 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